Cas12 (DNA)
CRISPR-Cas12a nuclease
DNA targetingPAM dependent18–24 nt spacers
For DNA-based diagnostics. Requires a PAM sequence (TTTN/TTTV) upstream of the target. Collateral ssDNA cleavage enables lateral flow or fluorescence readout.
DR: AsCas12a (19 nt), LbCas12a (20 nt)
Cas13 (RNA)
CRISPR-Cas13a nuclease
RNA targetingPAM independent20–28 nt spacers
For RNA-based diagnostics. No PAM requirement — targets any RNA sequence. Collateral ssRNA cleavage enables fluorescence-based detection.
Activity prediction · optimal 28 nt DR: LwaCas13a (35 nt), LwaCas13a opt (29 nt)